This summary is provided only for convenience and may be out of date. Get current information from Government departments.
Who needs it?
About 2.2 million pleasure boats are licensed in Canada (2006). All pleasure craft measuring 12 metres or less and powered by an engine 10 horsepower (7.5 kW) or more must be licensed or registered. Licensing is the normal choice for a pleasure craft. Licensing and registration are different legally, as well as time and cost. A licensed boat must be marked with "licence numbers", a registered boat with a "name and port", and both must comply with specified size and location. License requirements are listed in the Small Vessel Regulations of the Canada Shipping Act.
Where do I get it?
Transport Canada is responsible for vessel licences, which is managed by Service Canada through its 320 locations across the country, where you may license new vessels or transfer licenced vessel ownerships at no charge. It should take about 10 minutes to process an application and issue a licence. All data is kept electronically. (The system is no longer operated by Canada Border Services Agency.) Transport Canada is also responsible for the Small Vessel Registry system. (Government Directory: Transport Canada)
Canadian Terminology:
Don't confuse Canadian with American terms: our Canadian licensing can be compared to U.S. registration - licensing is the most common method used for pleasure boat identification. Canadian registration is similar to U.S. documentation, and usually reserved for large and commercial vessels. Note: Canadian spelling changes depending on the usage of the word: "a boat licence" ("c" when used as a noun) is spelled "to license a boat" or "licensing a boat" ("s" when used as a verb).
A federal system of licences for pleasure craft is operated by Service Canada across Canada on behalf of Transport Canada. It will take approximately 10 minutes to process an application and issue a licence - at no charge. (Boating in Canada News Apr/2006)
New boat licence numbers begin with provincial digraphs (MB, ON, NB) followed by digits (no longer indicates 'port' location). Licence information will be entered into a computer-based system which will be available to government agencies and police to identify a boat in an emergency, assist in search and rescue efforts and enforce pleasure craft regulations. (Government directory)
Boat Numbers:
If a boat has a number-letter combination on the boat's bow such as 32E9876 (E is Ontario, 32 is Ottawa), it was licensed before 2007. If the boat has a provincial digraph followed by digits (BC12345 BC is British Columbia), the licence was issued by Service Canada on behalf of Transport Canada. A license number that begins with "C" (e.g., C00000BC) is a Small Commercial Vessel licensed prior to 2007 - these are now registered in the Small Vessel Registry of Transport Canada. It is highly recommended that pre-2007 licence owners apply for a new number (at no charge), which will be entered into the new licence data system.
Owners of existing licensed boats may:
Canadian boat licences use postal abbreviations. U.S. boat licenses are sometimes different:
Buying a Used Boat:
When you buy a used "licenced" boat, you must transfer the licence by taking it with a "bill of sale" signed by the previous owner and the completed transfer form (reverse side of Pleasure Craft Licence form) to the nearest licensing office (refer to the blue pages in your telephone directory for the office nearest to you). If a used boat has no licence, licence number or registration papers, read Transport Canada "Marine Safety" for information. Buyer beware!
Buying or importing a U.S. boat:
Canadian residents who licence or register a boat in another country, can only bring it into Canada for a limited time before they must pay duty and tax on the boat (GST & PST). The Free Trade Agreement provides for low duty to import a domestically manufactured boat and none for some types of marine safety equipment. [More about buying a U.S. boat.]
Boat operation:
Canadian regulations require a
PCOC (or proof of competency) to operate a boat.
Get your training, test and card online with BOATEREXAM.COM! (more info)
Compliance Plates & Labels:
November 2007: Pleasure craft, fitted with or capable of being fitted with engine(s) no longer require a Single Vessel Label. Manufacturer's compliance notice program will continue. (The boat may still require a Capacity Label or Conformity Label.) For current information on pleasure craft regulations, please see Transport Canada's Office of Boating Safety.
Commercial Licences:
Small Commercial Vessel Licence application forms are available from any Ship Registration office (Transport Canada). Toll-free hotline: 1-877-242-8770
Marine radios:
VHF radio licences are sometimes not required based on new regulations. To operate and transmit messages on a VHF radio, you must have a Restricted Radiotelephone Operator's Certificate proving your proficiency.
This information may become outdated at any time. Get current information from government departments.
This is the most common way to complying with government regulations for boats. A boat licence does not provide clear title or ownership of a boat. Licensing is an identification system not a title system. If was pointed out to me by Patick Julien (see below) that if a licensed boat is stolen, it is difficult to trace it or to prove ownership. I had hoped the new federal licensing system could be used to prove ownership but it appears to be for Search & Rescue. - Pat
About 2.2 million pleasure boats are licensed in Canada, with an average of 105,000 new and transferred licences granted annually.
When you buy a new boat, a boat broker can usually arrange for a licence and payment of sales tax.
When you buy a used boat, you transfer the licence by taking it with a "bill of sale" signed by the previous owner to the provincial government office and paying the sales tax. Transferring a trailer license can be done at any provincial vehicle licence office.
When you sell a boat, follow the instructions on the transfer form on the reverse side of your Pleasure Craft Licence and give it to the new owner. The new owner should contact the government to complete the transfer. Search the blue pages in your telephone directory or our government index.
When you get a licence for a boat, be sure to check its serial numbers and ensure they match the plate on the vessel, on the bill of sale, and all government paperwork.
Section 11 of the Small Vessel Regulations states "The number allotted to a vessel when it is first licenced shall be the permanent licence number of that vessel and shall be retained for the vessel throughout any subsequent transfer of ownership."
You must license your dinghy if you plan to travel on any canals or travel outside Canada. You must put the licence numbers on the dinghy in the proper place and size.
Buy or transfer a trailer license at the provincial Driver & Vehicle Licence Office where you intend to drive it. Locate these offices in the phone book Blue Pages. You must have the ownership and a bill of sale from the person or company you bought it from. In some provinces you also pay PST; in others it's HST (GST & PST) at about 15%. Buying a boat and trailer in the USA offers the research and experiences of other boaters.
This information may become outdated at any time. Get current information from government departments.
Transport Canada is responsible for vessel Registration, which is a title system for the ownership of boats. Until a registration process is completed for a new boat, you may apply for a Provisional Certificate of Registry. This protects the ownership of your boat during the registration process.
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Since Registration was really designed for commercial vessels, your country can take control of your registered boat in times of crisis (war). For that reason, you will legally own only 2/3 of a registered boat; one third is owned by the crown.
The Canada Shipping Act, 2001 contains changes to the with new vessel categories and new fees for registration and transfers. Contact any Ship Registration office, or Transport Canada. [Government Index]
A Certificate of Registry is currently valid for 3 years. Renewal is free. A renewal letter is sent to you 30 days before expiration. If you do not receive it at least 2 weeks before expiry, contact the Registrar at your Port of Registry. [If you do not receive it, and do not contact them, they de-register your boat. This sounds absurd, making the customer pay for a government mistake. But it would be great for anyone who WANTS to be de-registered - without having to pay the de-registration fee! -Pat]
Some registration fees in 2007:
Registration (Transport Canada) of a boat used to required a survey by a licenced surveyor, and a small fee. Now, some boats don't require the surveyor, but the registration fee is high, and regular renewal is now required every 3 years - free so far. It costs a fee to change ownership or boat name, plus another to de-register. All these changes seem to imply that Transport Canada plans to set up federal licensing for all pleasure boats for a fee. It's easy to understand why boat buyers want to establish legal ownership of a valuable asset, but a licence doesn't yet accomplish this (in 2005). It's hard to say if registration does either. In the 1970s, a friend almost lost ownership of his brand new "registered" boat when the dealer went bankrupt before delivery.
-- Pat
This information may become outdated at any time. Get current information from government departments.
Registration is a procedure for documentation of ownership or title. Licensing is a procedure which identifies a vessel as having paid sales tax in a province or territory and does not necessarily imply ownership or title. It's all too easy to buy a licensed boat and have the police come and take it away. There's no easy way to check the ownership trail, liens on the boat, or if it's stolen (check with the police at the very least).
When we got our own boat registered, we used to joke about how much coal we could carry -- the measurement of cargo capacity is really designed for large ships! Registration is supposed to provide title, but I have heard an account from a boater who had legal problems of ownership of a newly built and "registered" boat when the builder went bankrupt.
Patrick Julien (from Caelis International, one of Canada's major Coast Guard and Transport Canada approved marine documentation consultancies), sent me some interesting comments about licences and registration. He noted that "register tonnage" for registered vessels measures volume (e.g. one metric ton is equal to one metric meter):
Licensing is not really the norm for expensive vessels, as owners usually wish to obtain clear title and proof of ownership that comes with registration. A licence is simply a piece of paper which allows you to go on the water; it has absolutely nothing to do with proof of ownership. We recently dealt with the transfer of property of a vessel which had four current and potentially valid licences issued on it. You do not need to prove you own the boat to get a licence -- and boat thefts are rumoured to be in the area of 15% of inventory in Canada. And what of banks and finance companies chasing their security.
A standard 36 foot and up cruiser with good interior living accomodations normally meets this minimum measure. Many people think of this measurement as weight, which is practically impossible for pleasure boats. Very few of us have boats in this weight range (well, perhaps Bill Teron...).
There are many advantages to actually registering a boat, not the least of which are clear title, and sequence of title, and option to borrow against the value of the boat as security (marine mortgage). Most foreign ports will insist on vessel registration to ensure confirmation of ownership and nationality of captain and vessel.
Patrick
Julien (pjulien@caelis.ca), Caelis International
If you plan to cruise to other countries, or just want to secure your ownership, registration is a good idea. Of course, it costs more and requires filling out forms.
Just to confuse you, in Canada, spelling changes depending on usage. You spell it with a C in a noun, such as a "boat licence". Used as a verb, it is spelled with an S, such as "to license a boat" or "licensing a boat".
